There are many vitamins, but all of them (Except Vitamin D) have a similar structure. There is an outside shell and there are many parts inside. They have a mineral core. Vitamin C's core is copper and Vitamin E's core is calcium. There are many enzymes and micronutrients in the structure. We do not know nearly all those micronutrients and how they work together. What they do all have is an anti-oxidant shell. This mimics the shell of an egg. It protects the insides of the vitamin from being oxidized by the oxygen that is carried in the blood. It does have a function in the body as well.
So why do people think that they have to take vitamins? Well, everybody knows that vitamins are essential to life. We need them and we don't always eat an adequately nutritious diet to cover our body's needs and so we can fill in the holes with vitamins. However, the difference in the vitamins that are found in real food and the things that come from a tablet to our body is like the difference between dollar bills and Monopoly money to our bank accounts. They are not equivalent. Unfortunately, most of the food on the grocery store shelves that isn't raw and unprocessed has had much of the nutrition removed from it, otherwise the food would spoil or mold. Vitamins from whole real food are easily processed by our bodies and are complete vitamins. Vitamins from a tablet in the grocery or health food store are equivalent to man made eggshells. This is true whether we are talking about Vitamin A, B (s) C, E, etc. In other words, when you buy a multi-vitamin you are buying a bottle of eggshells. They have a purpose, (to protect the whole vitamin inside you) but it is not the purpose of the whole vitamin. It is like thinking you can eat a pile of eggshells and get the nutrition of the whole egg, not happening. Or similarly, thinking you can throw a bunch of walnut shells in your granola and have it be the same as adding a bunch of cracked walnuts. They are not the same. They are missing a lot. All the vitamins are made by the pharmaceutical industry and are not nearly the same as what is in food. They don't even treat the deficiencies of that vitamin. Ascorbic acid does not fix scurvy. During the Korean war many of the vets in the Korean prisons developed BeriBeri from eating a diet consisting primarily polished rice. The International Red Cross brought them in Thiamine as a pharmaceutical powder. It did not help much, if at all. A kind hearted guard brought them in some rice polish, the powder that is scrubbed off the rice, and their symptoms cleared very quickly. All the B vitamins start as a coal tar derivative (a waste product from the petroleum industry) and have a number of chemicals added until it looks something like the shell of a B vitamin. Vitamin C starts off as corn syrup and has sulphuric acid and a number of other chemicals added until it looks like the shell of a Vitamin C molecule. There is no copper anywhere!
So what is one to do? There are a few companies that ONLY use whole food in their supplements. Unfortunately, most who claim to be a whole food vitamin, still use the pharmaceutical vitamins in a whole food powder and call it a whole food vitamin. Not even close to the same!!! To determine if it really is a wholefood vitamin, read the fine print on the back. Look where it says %DV (Stands for % of daily value) and look down the column. If it has more than about 15% listed in the column then you know that it is synthetic. Many times you will see numbers like 300% or even 2000% of daily value. That's a whole lot of egg shells! If one happens to be pregnant, then for sure you need a good whole food sourced vitamin and mineral. Also, make sure you are eating lots of healthy fats! (butter, eggs, coconut oil, olive oil, bacon, lard)
My personal standby for this is is Standard Process. They are a whole food vitamin manufacturer. They only sell to health care practitioners so you won't find them in the health food stores. If I have a pregnant patient I get her on wheat germ oil ( a whole food source of vitamin E, traditionally used by doctors and farmers alike to maintain a healthy pregnancy), Catalyn ( a whole food supplement) and trace minerals and a whole food version of folic acid. So much better than a pharmaceutical blend of egg shells.
I hope this helps some of you who have asked me questions recently on this subject. I am happy to clarify or provide more information in future posts.